Some hISTORY review:
With the Dayton Peace Agreement, Bosnia and Herzegovina was founded. It consists of two equal entities: the Republic of Srpska and the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
According to the Dayton Peace Agreement, international supervision has been established by the Office of the High Representative (OHR).
- The OHR has been given the greatest authority in the interpretation of the civil aspects of the peace agreement, which anticipates the authority of appointing and recalling of the Bosnia and Herzegovina officials at all levels of power, as well as making decisions and passing laws
Some reading regarding the conflict here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosnian_War
The emergence of the war resulted:
The conflicts that have taken place in this region since the early 1990s have resulted in millions of refugees and displaced persons who are vulnerable targets for organized criminal groups.
The emergence of the war resulted:
- in a lowering of industrial production and the demise of the market economy because of the disintegration of the federal state, which caused important changes in market function.
- An estimate is that in this period, early in the war, industrial production was 10% of prewar levels, and unemployment was between 60% and 90%.
- The currency collapsed, and exchange was based on a combination of barter and deutschmarks.
- Significant industrial capacities were destroyed during the war, which caused criminal groups to take on a leading role as market suppliers.
- This resulted in the disintegration of the social structure and the state’s legitimacy over a long period of time
The conflicts that have taken place in this region since the early 1990s have resulted in millions of refugees and displaced persons who are vulnerable targets for organized criminal groups.
- The female refugees in particular are often alone and without their family members, and as a result they became targets for sexual abuse.
- Their inability to integrate legally in host communities or return to their countries of origin often leads female refugees and children into the hands of the traffickers.
Laws have been made to control traffickers, but regional conflicts still exist, and the lack of cooperation between entities in suppressing organized crime has been high:
- The Bosnia and Herzegovina border has been insufficiently controlled, and because of that has become attractive to organized criminal groups looking to exploit the weaknesses of the “soft” border to smuggle narcotics, weapons, and people.
- The high profits available and the low risk of detention and minor penalties exacted have made trafficking in human beings for the purpose of prostitution very attractive in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
0 comments:
Post a Comment