A128187: Life ReVoLve AroUnd Me

when we talking about child labor, well i think most of guys already watch SLUMDOG MILLIONAIRE
such a wonderful movie about reality happen in India.. and its really touch your heart seeing these innocent child been exploit to fill human greed..

Summary: A Mumbai teen who grew up in the slums, becomes a contestant on the Indian version of "Who Wants To Be A Millionaire?" He is arrested under suspicion of cheating, and while being interrogated, events from his life history are shown which explain why he knows the answers.






here is some link your guys can use to watch this movie
http://www.watchfreemovies.ch/watch-movies/2008/watch-slumdog-millionaire-6549/

if your guys do not prefer reading so i guess ur guys can watch movie

so here movie that related to my topic of discussion that is human trafficking..

Hundreds of thousands of young women have vanished from their everyday lives-forced by violence into a hellish existence of brutality and prostitution. They're a profitable commodity in the multi-billion-dollar industry of modern slavery. The underworld calls them human trafficking


so feel free to watch it...
here some link you can use to watch it online
http://www.watchfreemovies.ch/watch-movies/2005/watch-human-trafficking-176469/

Rath holding her son

There once, i been watching OPRAH and than she interviewed Nicholas D. Kristof.. well that the beginning of my interest on the topic human trafficking

Kristof and his wife had write a book and the book had been publish that mention about women suffering on the various issues happen around the globe..

So i'm suggesting your guys reading these book to enhance your knowledge and knowing how to be very thankful... =)

x.o.x.o

Trafficker

Human Smuggler

More heinous crime than smuggling, They are serious criminals, motivated by greed, and seek to use the humanitarian issues surrounding migration as a veil for their criminal behavior. Recruitment of the trafficked persons: is carried out by force, then Example, as a prostitute without any control over their earnings or workload

Smuggling more on providing a form of legal service. The relationship between a smuggler and a smuggled migrant might ends once the person has reached his or her destination country. But it may not if the migrant not paid in full, in advance, the smuggler will invariably continue to exert control until the balance is paid. ‘In such circumstances, does the smuggler become a trafficker and the migrant a victim of trafficking?’

•  The government has expressed its belief that the trafficking of women for the sex industries is not a phenomenon that affects Moldova, regardless of the number of Moldovans who leave the country on a regular basis.

When the state is motivated to fight trafficking, laws are enacted and legislation ratified to facilitate criminal justice system cooperation, and research is conducted to highlight the causes of trafficking.

•  La Strada Moldova forms one part of the La Strada Network, which comprises nine organizations implementing the La Strada Programme of Prevention of Traffic in Women in Central and Eastern Europe.
•  La Strada Moldova works to educate people about the dangers of traveling abroad for work and about the realities of prostitution and café employment, to prevent trafficking of women, to facilitate media contact and political lobbying, to assist in the safe return of trafficked women, and to provide social assistance and the reintegration of women who have been trafficked and returned home.

The International Organization for Migration is an intergovernmental body with offices worldwide that assists people in migrating safely.

•  The International Organization for Migration is also involved in education and prevention campaigns concerning the trafficking of women and works to assist in the safe return of trafficked women to their home countries or to third countries for the purpose of resettlement.
• Within each of this agency’s programs are units that advocate the legal creation of funding for telephone hotlines, information media campaigns, programs to support  education, and victim assistance measures such as community reintegration, resettlement, educational training, and medical and psychological care.

Unfortunately for countries such as Moldova, limited acknowledgement of the problem from its national government makes funding of these programs a constant battle.

•  such as those in Belgium and the Netherlands,
•  such programs persevere as Eastern Europe melts its borders with a growing influence from the European Union.

•  almost one-quarter of the population now lives below the poverty line.
•  Women account for nearly two-thirds of all unemployed people nationwide, but this rate is as high as 5% or 90% in some regions of the Russian Federation of Moldova
•  In 1996, 87% of Russia’s employed urban residents whose monthly income was less than 100,000 rubles (US$21) were women
• Unemployment, inflation, income differentials, and poverty have increased, and as a result of conflict and economic change, living conditions and access to services have all deteriorated.
• Trafficking is an issue encompassing

• Figures suggest that 30% of all abused women share the information with a family member or friend but only 9% visit a doctor

 “did not necessarily include seeking a better life somewhere else but did include escaping the terrible life they had at home.”

• 1.7% of all children in Moldova receive no education at all or dropped out of school.
• Girls and women are socialized to be less assertive and encouraged to take up gender-specific occupations and to have a successful marriage and family life.
• Moreover, the education system in Moldova has received less and less money from the state in recent years
•  At the same time, many people living in rural areas do not receive their wages for more than 6 months or so each year, and whatever they produce is used merely to feed their families not to pay for excess costs such as schooling.

•  60%–80% of women trafficked to Germany and one-fifth of all female dancer visas issued by Switzerland during 1997 were for Russian women.

• Promotion of human rights of trafficking victims and nondiscriminatory treatment of victims, with regard to the obligation of state to respect and enforce international human rights standards, as stipulated in international agreements;
• Cooperation with local and related international agencies and organizations in the field of antitrafficking efforts and prevention and assistance to trafficking victims;
•  Establishment of safe houses, providing legal, medical, psychological, and financial services, as well as providing assistance regarding safe and voluntary repatriation of the victims;
• A campaign aimed at raising awareness; and Cooperation with similar networks or organizations in the region

1.  establishment of a committee responsible for the implementation of the NPA;
2.  increase in border control and law enforcement;
3. support of the victims of trafficking;
4.  building of safe and secure shelters that will provide medical,
5.  legal, and psychological support;
6.  providing victims with language and interpretation services and educational materials;
7.  beginning legal reform;
8.  promoting legal harmonization between the entities and the Brčko District; and
9.  Educating and raising the awareness of all citizens.

Poverty as an Eden for Recruitment

1. According to official statistical data, unemployment in the country, on average, is at 40%.
2. Poverty strengthens the wish to leave the ghetto, which then results in stronger desire for emigration that can further lead to accepting false business offers abroad and entering the world of human trafficking.

1. The sex industry appeared to be a good business, especially in a country such as Bosnia and Herzegovina a country that was one of less developed republics in the former Yugoslavia whose manufacturing industries were destroyed during the war and in which the production of goods was stopped.


2. At this time, the so-called night bars were the most common places to find forced prostitution.


3. A lack of state responsibility concerning the involvement of members of the peacekeeping force in trafficking doubtlessly contributed to the problem

1. The war and the postwar economy have significantly shaped Bosnia and Herzegovina society in the postwar period.

•  The market supply, which is now mainly based on smuggling,

2. The types of goods used for trade are irrelevant only the profit generated by those criminal activities is important.




3. The creation of well-organized groups with ample resources to carry out illegal activities, such as the manpower needed to supervise and track shipments, as well as a network of contacts and acquaintances using corrupted government agents in case something goes “wrong.”.

Some hISTORY review:

Bosnia and Herzegovina was part of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia until 1991. Civil war broke out in Bosnia and Herzegovina in April 1992 and ended with the signing of the Dayton Peace Agreement in Ohioin November 1995.

With the Dayton Peace Agreement, Bosnia and Herzegovina was founded. It consists of two equal entities: the Republic of Srpska and the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

According to the Dayton Peace Agreement, international supervision has been established by the Office of the High Representative (OHR).

• The OHR has been given the greatest authority in the interpretation of the civil aspects of the peace agreement, which anticipates the authority of appointing and recalling of the Bosnia and Herzegovina officials at all levels of power, as well as making decisions and passing laws

Conflicts in Southeastern Europe have marked the last decade of the 20th century and have reshaped the geopolitical map of the region.

• The area has been militarily, politically, and economically divided; new states have been created, and new borders established. 
• The countries of Southeastern Europe have been seriously affected by the problems of organized crime and corruption, which have been the main obstructions to further development and regional stability.

Because of the limited economic resources available, governments in the region have not been able to establish an effective control over economic fraud and other forms of organized crime, including trafficking in women.


The region of Southeast Europe has been an area of destination and transit, as well as an origination point, of trafficking in women and children for the last 15 years.

• Organized criminal groups in the region have successfully exploited insufficiently controlled borders, corruption, a legislative vacuum, and the lack of regional cooperation in the fight against organized crime.

The increase in trafficking in women and children has been motivated by:

•  the globalization of transportation, market economy, labor needs, poverty, women’s socioeconomic insecurity, economic transition, and conflict.

Economic liberalization has unintentionally helped create a fertile environment for transnational crimes, such as:

•  drug trafficking, migrant smuggling, and money laundering.

Organized crime is currently thriving. In fact, this is an era of globalization of crime, corresponding to increases:

• in global trade, personal mobility, and high-tech communications. Traditional forms of transborder crime such as drug, weapon, and motor vehicle smuggling and money laundering continue to exist.
• At the same time, many organizations involved in these activities have expanded their portfolios to include the trafficking of migrants
• According to the U.S. Congressional Research Service in 2002: trafficking in women and children represents the third largest source of profit for organized crime, after drugs and arms.

The reasons are clear: Given the demand, there are profits to be made

Map of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Introduction

1. Trafficking in human beings for the purpose of forced prostitution has been the most typical form of criminal exploitation of women and children in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the postwar period and continues to be an important issue in Bosnia and Herzegovina. 
2. Bosnia and Herzegovina has unfortunately become a safe route for the trafficking in human beings and other forms of smuggling into Western European countries. According to Europol’s analysis, Bosnia and Herzegovina is considered to be the primary Balkan route for trafficking in human beings to the European Union (Europol, 2001). 
3. The geopolitical map of Eastern and Southeastern Europe has changed dramatically in the past decade. The fall of the iron curtain created a flow of migration from east to west. Additional factors that have certainly helped cause the problem of trafficking in women and children have been globalization of the economic sector, followed by globalization of crime, as well as the outbreak of conflicts in the region.
4. The breakdown of the social, economic, and political structure resulting from the civil war in Bosnia and Herzegovina caused the expansion of various forms of organized crime.

Map of Nepal

1. Women are generally subject to discrimination throughout the world in the social, economic, legal, and political spheres. 
2. Gender discrimination exists in varying degrees in the rural and urban areas of Nepal and seriously affects the nutrition, health, education, social status, and economic position of women in those areas. 
3. Women in Nepal are more subject to criminal victimization than males both inside and outside their homes. 

This victimization can include harassment, torture, abuse, and sometimes murder, dowry (bride-price) atrocities, child abuse, and trafficking in women for sexual exploitation are and have been a disgrace to Nepalese society

General Yakubu Gowon, 1970s administration:

• it was a serious offense for anyone to engage a child in any form of labor, particularly during the school hours. 
• Any child caught working during school hours was apprehended and held until his or her parents or guardiancame forth to plea for his or her release. 
• Upon the release of the child, the parents or guardian paid a fine to the government worth about 100 Naira (US$1.85). 
• However, the ouster of Gowon in 1975 led to the abrogation of the law