There are various sociological theories that explain trafficking of women and children. In explaining the etiology of this fraudulent type of crime:
1. The effect of criminality and economic conditions (Bonger, 1916),
When a society is divided into haves and have-nots, the have-nots try to get even with the haves. In other words, the theory is that when the economy is bad, some individuals who are determined to survive will try alternative means of making it however illegitimate. In many developing countries, the economy has been in a state of depression since the 1970s without an end in sight.
As a consequence, trafficking in women and children from developing countries to more advanced countries for the purposes of prostitution, housekeeping, housemaid services, babysitting, child pornography, slave labor, and sexual slavery became an alternative, illegal moneymaking mechanism.
2. Poverty (More, 1516),
Poverty explains a significant amount of crime in developed, industrialized nations and, to a small degree, in poor nations. As Thomas More (1516) put it before the British Parliament of his time, if a man has determined to be alive, but his basic needs are not provided, he must steal.
In agreement with this line of thought, the economic conditions of some developed and underdeveloped nations produced waves of unemployment for both skilled and unskilled individuals in the 1980s, and as a consequence, many university and high school graduates engaged themselves in all types of transnational crimes, including transnational trafficking in women and children.
3. Anomie (Merton, 1968; Durkheim, 1964),
Domestic conflicts and wars taking place in some underdeveloped economies, emanating from post-independence tribal struggles for control of the government, wholesale corruption, crony capitalism, and crony democracy, have created social disorganization and anomie in those countries.
4. Hedonism (Beccaria, 1819; Bentham, 1967)
Beccaria (1819) and Bentham (1967) of the Classical School of Criminology asserted that man is hedonistic: In effect, man will continue to seek pleasure wherever he can find it. Therefore, hedonism and greed combine to spur some middle- and upper-class individuals in Western, Eastern, and Central Europe; the United States; Canada; the Middle East; Africa; South America; Australia; and Japan to import innocent, illegally transported women and children to serve as housemaids, houseboys, sex slaves, or slave laborers.
5. Social control (Hirschi, 1969),
A breakdown in law enforcement as social control mechanisms are weakened to a point of lawlessness (Hirschi, 1969). In these former colonial regimes, intertribal or interethnic conflicts gave rise to dictatorships and predatory states.
Such regimes have been recorded in Nigeria, Zaire, Uganda, Liberia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, former Yugoslavia, Haiti, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sudan, Sri Lanka, Zimbabwe, and so on. The police in this sort of state are used to protect the dictatorial and predatory state’s political agenda at the expense of crime control and the safety of the nation’s private citizens.
The large mass population of unemployed and destitute individuals hangs around hopelessly, living at the mercy of the fraudulent human traffickers. As a result, some young men and groups in such dictatorial regimes have found single women and children, struggling for survival, to be easy targets for trafficking exploitation.
6. Class and crime (Chambliss and Mankoff, 1976; Quinney, 1977),
7. Greed (Mccaghy, 1980), and
Drives the rich and powerful to get richer by utilizing the cheap labor of illegal aliens and that of women and children, by housing girls twice or thrice their age as personal sex slaves, and by providing apartments hidden from their wives for these young girls.
8. Globalization.
These theory explain how people react in some situation where they desperate to escape the poverty. Nevertheless desires not permit an action.
Till then,
_lovepeace_
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